Histologic:Chapter 6 - Revision history

Matthew Anderson: /* Slide 15: Choroid plexus (Masson) */

2014-07-16T23:11:16Z

‎Slide 15: Choroid plexus (Masson)

Seung Park: /* Spinal Cord - General Structure */

2014-07-10T21:04:53Z

‎Spinal Cord - General Structure

Seung Park: /* Slide 72: Cerebral Cortex (H&E) */

2014-07-10T21:02:50Z

‎Slide 72: Cerebral Cortex (H&E)

Seung Park at 21:02, 10 July 2014

2014-07-10T21:02:14Z

Matthew Anderson: /* Slide 288, Cerebral Cortex (H&E) */

2014-07-10T20:28:26Z

‎Slide 288, Cerebral Cortex (H&E)

Matthew Anderson: /* Slide 288, Cerebellum (H&E) */

2014-07-10T20:27:14Z

‎Slide 288, Cerebellum (H&E)

Matthew Anderson: /* Spinal Cord - General Structure */

2014-07-10T20:13:54Z

‎Spinal Cord - General Structure

Matthew Anderson: /* Slide 15, Choroid plexus (Masson) */

2014-07-10T20:11:39Z

‎Slide 15, Choroid plexus (Masson)

Matthew Anderson: /* Slide 15, Choroid plexus (Masson) */

2014-07-10T20:05:48Z

‎Slide 15, Choroid plexus (Masson)

Matthew Anderson at 19:56, 10 July 2014

2014-07-10T19:56:22Z

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 === Slide 15: Choroid plexus (Masson) ===
-[[File:HistologicChapter6BrainSagittalSectionLabeled.jpg|thumb|200px|Brain Sagittal Section Labeled]]
+[[File:HistologicChapter6BrainSagittalSectionLabelled.jpg|thumb|200px|Brain Sagittal Section Labeled]]
 On this trichrome stained section of choroid plexus note the multiple fronds of tissue.  Each is covered with ependymal cells and has a connective tissue infrastructure.

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 <peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00015</peir-vm>
-== Spinal Cord - General Structure ==
+== Spinal Cord: General Structure ==
 [[File:HistologicChapter6SpinalCord.jpg|thumb|200px|Spinal Cord]]
 The spinal cord is composed of two principal parts extending the length of the cord, the inner core of gray matter and an outer layer of white matter.  The entire cord is supported in a framework of neuroglia.  In the most peripheral part of the cord, processes of fibrous astrocytes condense to form the marginal glial membrane, in which nerve fibers are absent.

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 *White matter.
-Note few cells per unit area.  Cells in the white matter are microglia with few if any neuron bodies.
+**Note few cells per unit area.  Cells in the white matter are microglia with few if any neuron bodies.
 *Gray matter (cerebral cortex).
-The cerebral cortex is divided into six layers.  Distinguishing the exact borders of these layers is difficult requiring special staining and is beyond the scope of this discussion.  The six layers from outside to inside include:  plexiform or molecular layer, small pyramidal cell layer, medium pyramidal cell layer, granular layer, large pyramidal cell layer, and the polymorphic cell layer.
+**The cerebral cortex is divided into six layers.  Distinguishing the exact borders of these layers is difficult requiring special staining and is beyond the scope of this discussion.  The six layers from outside to inside include:  plexiform or molecular layer, small pyramidal cell layer, medium pyramidal cell layer, granular layer, large pyramidal cell layer, and the polymorphic cell layer.
 *Meninges consisting of the pia mater.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 == Nerve Fibers And Nerves ==
-=== Slide 27, Peripheral Nerve (osmium), cross and longitudinal sections ===
+=== Slide 27: Peripheral Nerve (Osmium), Cross and Longitudinal Sections ===
 Osmium stains myelin, therefore the myelin sheaths will be black, unmyelinated fibers are vaguely outlined, other structures do not stain.
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 <peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00027</peir-vm>
-=== Slide 50, Peripheral Nerve (Masson’s stain) ===
+=== Slide 50: Peripheral Nerve (Masson’s Stain) ===
 Connective tissue stains blue, nuclei are dark blue, and myelin is orange-red.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 <peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00050</peir-vm>
-=== Slide 13, Peripheral Nerve (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 13: Peripheral Nerve (H&E) ===
 Check the same features as previously described, in this cross-section, to see their appearance with a routine stain.
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 The pia is a delicate layer of epithelial cells associated with loose ﬁbrocollagenous tissue. It lies external to a basement membrane which completely surrounds the CNS.
-=== Slide 72, Cerebral Cortex (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 72: Cerebral Cortex (H&E) ===
 With H&E, the meninges as well as the various layers of the cerebral cortex are visible.  Distinguish the general regions of the cerebral cortex:
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 <peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00072</peir-vm>
-=== Slide 14, Cerebellum (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 14: Cerebellum (H&E) ===
 The outer portion of the cerebellum, the cortex, is made up of a molecular layer and a granular layer.  At the junction between these two layers are the large cell bodies of Purkinje cells.  These cells are characteristic of cerebellum.  They contain numerous dendrites that extend into the molecular layer and a single axon.
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 <peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00014</peir-vm>
-=== Slide 15, Choroid plexus (Masson) ===
+=== Slide 15: Choroid plexus (Masson) ===
 [[File:HistologicChapter6BrainSagittalSectionLabeled.jpg|thumb|200px|Brain Sagittal Section Labeled]]
 On this trichrome stained section of choroid plexus note the multiple fronds of tissue.  Each is covered with ependymal cells and has a connective tissue infrastructure.
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 When dorsal root fibers enter the cord and ventral root fibers first leave the cord, they lie in the subarachnoid space.  As they move laterally to exit through the intervertebral foramina, the dura mater continues over them as epineurium.  The arachnoid fades out quickly.
-=== Slide 97, Lumbar cord with meninges, three-year old child (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 97: Lumbar Cord With Meninges, Three-Year Old Child (H&E) ===
 With H&E, details of neuron cell bodies are seen quite well; other tissues stain much as in other organs.
 Distinguish the general regions of the cord:
 *The H-shaped gray matter with its dorsal gray columns, the broad ventral columns, and the intermediate gray area.
 *The white matter with its three divisions.
 *The delicate dorsal medial (posterior) septum of neuroglia and the ventral fissure.
 *The thick dura mater (dense fibrous connective tissue) - the outermost layer of the meninges.
 *The central canal in the gray commissure.  It is lined with ependymal cells, which have a columnar shape; some may have flagella.
@@ Line 138: / Line 133: @@
 *Note innumerable myelinated fibers, mostly in cross sections, since these are mainly ascending and descending tracts.  Myelin is not preserved; a clear space remains. The axon is unstained or faintly seen, or it may not be present.
 *Thin connective tissue septa and small blood vessels can be seen.  Look for perivascular spaces around the blood vessels - clear spaces that are actinically enlarged due to shrinkage of tissues.
 *The numerous small nuclei seen are mainly those of fibrous astrocytes and oligodendroglia.
 *Identify the marginal glial membrane.  It forms the most peripheral part of the spinal cord, is formed by processes of fibrous astrocytes, and lacks nerve fibers.
@@ Line 148: / Line 140: @@
 *Note the uppermost large pale area (substantia gelatinosa), the more fibrillar base of the dorsal horn, and myelinated fibers sweeping into these areas from the dorsal white columns (incoming sensory fibers).
 *The small nuclei are astrocyte and oligodendroglia nuclei.  Small neuron cell bodies are not easily seen.
 *Some of the sections may show the actual entrance of the dorsal roots.
@@ Line 191: / Line 181: @@
 These are the post-ganglionic visceral efferent neurons.  Axons of neurons in the lateral sympathetic nucleus of the thoracic cord had come to the sympathetic chain via the white rami communicantes.  Many have synapsed on these ganglion cells.  (Others pass through the chain to synapse elsewhere.)
-=== Slide 16, Sympathetic Ganglion (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 16: Sympathetic Ganglion (H&E) ===
 This ganglion has an epineurium but many ganglia do not show such a distinct capsule.
@@ Line 211: / Line 201: @@
 These are in the walls of organs.  Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers go from the cell bodies in the brain stem or sacral spinal cord to the organs to be innervated and synapse on small, typical multipolar neuron cell bodies in ganglia (post-ganglionic neurons).  Postganglionic fibers (axons) of these are then distributed to smooth muscle and glands.
-=== Slide 94, Colon (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 94: Colon (H&E) ===
 Between the two muscle layers of the esophagus and all subsequent parts of the digestive tract, is a chain of parasympathetic ganglia and vagus nerve fibers (myenteric plexus of Auerbach).  The fibers are finely myelinated or unmyelinated.  Groups of ganglion cells are seen intermittently within the chain.  Look for lightly stained areas between the muscle layers and note:

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 The pia is a delicate layer of epithelial cells associated with loose ﬁbrocollagenous tissue. It lies external to a basement membrane which completely surrounds the CNS.
-=== Slide 288, Cerebral Cortex (H&E) ===
+=== Slide 72, Cerebral Cortex (H&E) ===
 With H&E, the meninges as well as the various layers of the cerebral cortex are visible.  Distinguish the general regions of the cerebral cortex:
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 *Meninges consisting of the pia mater.
-<peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00288</peir-vm>
+<peir-vm>UAB-Histology-00072</peir-vm>
 === Slide 14, Cerebellum (H&E) ===

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 == Central Nervous System: Brain ==
+[[File:HistologicChapter6Brain.jpg|thumb|200px|Brain: Meninges]]
 The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord. These areas contain nerve cells and their processes, along with specialized support cells.