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;nephrostomies
:A nephrostomy is the creation of a permanent opening directly into the renal pelvis to allow the drainage of urine.
;hypercalcemia
:Hypercalcemia is the state of having increased levels of calcium in the blood.
;metastatic calcification
:The deposition of calcium in normal tissues as a result of elevations in blood calcium.
;gastritis
:Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach.
;300-500 u/L
:A normal serum amylase level is 30 to 110 u/L.
;pancreatitis
:Chronic inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) is most often caused by alcoholism or biliary tract calculi.
;pneumonia
:In alcoholics, aspiration pneumonia is common--bacteria enter the lung via aspiration of gastric contents.
;necrotizing lobar pneumonia
:Necrotizing lobar pneumonia is a severe acute pneumonia caused by virulent organisms and aspirated of gastric contents.
;cirrhosis
:Cirrhosis is a liver disease characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, loss of normal liver architecture, and hyperplastic nodules.